Education in Botswana is governed by Ministry of Education and Skills Development.[1] Secondary education in Botswana is neither free nor compulsory.[2][3] In 2002, the gross primary enrollment rate was 103 percent, and the net primary enrollment rate was 81 percent.[2] Gross and net enrollment ratios are based on the number of students formally registered in primary school and therefore do not necessarily reflect actual school attendance. Recent primary school attendance statistics are not available for Botswana.[2] As of 2001, 86 percent of children who started primary school were likely to reach grade 5.[2] In Botswana’s education system, girls and boys have equal access to education. Girls, however, are likely to drop out of secondary school due to pregnancy.[2]
Botswana made great strides in educational development after independence in 1966.[4] At that time there were very few graduates in the country and very few Batswana attended secondary school. With the discovery of diamonds just after independence and the increase in government revenue that this brought, there was a huge increase in educational provision in the country. All students were guaranteed ten years of basic education, leading to a Junior Certificate qualification. Approximately half of the school population attends a further two years of secondary schooling leading to the award of the Botswana General Certificate of Education (BGCSE). After leaving school, students can attend one of the seven technical colleges in the country,[5] or take vocational training courses inteaching or nursing. The best students enter the University of Botswana, Botswana College of Agriculture, and The Botswana Accountancy College in Gaborone. A larger influx of tertiary students is expected when construction of the nation's second national university, The Botswana International University of Science and Technology, is completed. Many other students end up in the numerous private tertiary education colleges around the country. A high majority of these students are government sponsored. The quantitative gains have not always been matched by qualitative ones. Primary schools in particular still lack resources, and the teachers are less well paid than their secondary school colleagues.[citation needed] In January 2006, Botswana announced the reintroduction of school fees after two decades of free state education.[3]
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Le Botswana, terme tswana signifiant « pays des Tswanas » du nom de l'ethnie principale, en forme longue la République du Botswana, en tswana Lefatshe la Botswana, est un pays d'Afrique australe sans accès à la mer, entouré de l'Afrique du Sud au sud et sud-est, de la Namibie à l'ouest, de la Zambie au nord et du Zimbabwe au nord-est. Les habitants s'appellent les Botswanais.
Autrefois, le protectorat britannique était appelé Bechuanaland. Le Botswana adopta son nom après son indépendance à l'intérieur du Commonwealth le . Sa capitale est Gaborone. Son économie, majoritairement liée à son voisin sud-africain, est dominée par les services (43 % en part du PNB en 1999), les mines (48 %), les industries (4 %) et l'agriculture (5 %). Son taux de transparence est de 6,1 en 2011 (5,4 en 2007) sur une échelle de 10, faisant du Botswana le pays le moins corrompu du continent africain1,2.
Le pays est régulièrement placé au premier rang des pays africains en matière de gouvernance et de transparence (30e sur 174 pays selon l’Indice 2012 de la perception de la corruption de Transparency International)3. Ce pays est surnommé « le miracle africain », « l’exception du continent » ou encore « la Suisse de l’Afrique »4.
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