Laos
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This article is about the country. For other uses, see Laos (disambiguation).
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Lao People's Democratic Republic
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| Motto: ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ເອກະພາບ ວັດທະນາຖາວອນ "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity" | ||||||
| Anthem: Pheng Xat Lao Lao National Anthem | ||||||
![Location of Laos (green)in ASEAN (dark grey) – [Legend]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_Laos_ASEAN.svg) | ||||||
| Capital and largest city | Vientiane 17°58′N 102°36′E | |||||
| Official languages | Lao | |||||
| Recognised national languages | French | |||||
| Spoken languages | ||||||
| Ethnic groups (2005[1]) | ||||||
| Religion | Buddhism | |||||
| Demonym | Laotian Lao | |||||
| Government | Marxist-Leninistone-party state | |||||
| • | President | Choummaly Sayasone | ||||
| • | Prime Minister | Thongsing Thammavong | ||||
| • | President of the National Assembly | Pany Yathotou | ||||
| • | President of Construction | Sisavath Keobounphanh | ||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | |||||
| Formation | ||||||
| • | Kingdom of Lan Xang | 1354–1707 | ||||
| • | Luang Phrabang,Vientiane andChampasak | 1707–1778 | ||||
| • | Vassal of Thonburiand Siam | 1778–893 | ||||
| • | War of Succession | 1826–8 | ||||
| • | French Indochina | 1893–1949 | ||||
| • | Independence fromFrance | 19 July 1949 | ||||
| • | Declared Independence | 22 October 1953 | ||||
| • | Laotian civil war | 9 November 1953 – 2 December 1975 | ||||
| • | Lao Monarchyabolished | 2 December 1975 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | Total | 236,800 km2 (84th) 91,428.991 sq mi | ||||
| • | Water (%) | 2 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 2014 (Jul) estimate | 6,803,699[2](104th) | ||||
| • | 2005 census | 5,621,000[3] | ||||
| • | Density | 26.7/km2 (177th) 69.2/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2014 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | US$34.400 billion[4] | ||||
| • | Per capita | US$4,986[4] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2014 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | US$11.676 billion[4] | ||||
| • | Per capita | US$1,692[4] | ||||
| Gini (2008) | 36.7[5] medium | |||||
| HDI (2014) |  0.575[6]medium · 141st | |||||
| Currency | Kip (LAK) | |||||
| Time zone | ICT | |||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Calling code | +856 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | LA | |||||
| Internet TLD | .la | |||||
| a. | Including over 100 smaller ethnic groups. | |||||
Laos ((
i/ˈlaʊs/, /ˈlɑː.ɒs/, /ˈlɑː.oʊs/, or /ˈleɪ.ɒs/)[7][8][9] Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, pronounced [sǎːtʰáːlanalat pásáːtʰipátàj pásáːsón láːw] Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) (French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west. Since 1975, it has been ruled by a Marxist and communist government. Its population was estimated to be around 6.8 million in July 2014.[2]
i/ˈlaʊs/, /ˈlɑː.ɒs/, /ˈlɑː.oʊs/, or /ˈleɪ.ɒs/)[7][8][9] Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, pronounced [sǎːtʰáːlanalat pásáːtʰipátàj pásáːsón láːw] Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) (French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west. Since 1975, it has been ruled by a Marxist and communist government. Its population was estimated to be around 6.8 million in July 2014.[2]
Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang, which existed from the 14th to the 18th century when it split into three kingdoms. In 1893, it became a French protectorate, with the three kingdoms—Luang Phrabang,Vientiane and Champasak — uniting to form what is now known as Laos. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation, but returned to French rule until it was granted autonomy in 1949. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. Shortly after independence, a long civil war ended the monarchy, when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975.
Laos is a one-party socialist republic. It espouses Marxism and is governed by a single party communist politburo dominated by military generals. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Vietnam People's Army continue to have significant influence in Laos. The capital city is Vientiane. Other large cities include Luang Prabang, Savannakhet, and Pakse. The official language is Lao. Laos is a multi-ethnic country with the politically and culturally dominant Lao people making up approximately 60% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes, accounting for 40% of the population, live in the foothills and mountains.
Laos' strategy for development is based on generating electricity from its rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China, and Vietnam.[10] Its economy is accelerating rapidly with the demands for its metals.[11]
It is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), East Asia Summit and La Francophonie. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization(WTO) in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership.[12]
According to the anti-corruption non-governmental organisation Transparency International, Laos remains one of the most corrupt countries in the world. This has deterred foreign investment and created major problems with the rule of law, including the nation's ability to enforce contract and business regulation.[13] This has contributed to a third of the population of Laos currently living below the international poverty line (living on less thanUS$1.25 per day).[14] Laos has a low-income economy, with one of the lowest annual incomes in the world. In 2014, the country ranked 141st on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating lower medium development.[15] According to the Global Hunger Index (2015), Laos ranks as the 29th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s).[16] Laos has also has a poor human rights record.
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