Montenegro
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This article is about the country in Europe. For other uses, see Montenegro (disambiguation) and Crna Gora (disambiguation).
| Montenegro
Crna Gora
Црна Гора | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Ој, свијетла мајска зоро Oh, Bright Dawn of May | ||||||
![Location of Montenegro (Green)in Europe (Dark Grey) – [Legend]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Europe-Montenegro.svg) | ||||||
| Capital and largest city | Podgoricaa 42°47′N 19°28′E | |||||
| Official languages | Montenegrin[1] | |||||
| Other languages in official use[2] | ||||||
| Ethnic groups (2011[3]) |
| |||||
| Demonym | Montenegrin | |||||
| Government | Parliamentary republic | |||||
| • | President | Filip Vujanović | ||||
| • | Prime Minister | Milo Đukanović | ||||
| • | President of the Parliament | Ranko Krivokapić | ||||
| Legislature | Skupština | |||||
| Events | ||||||
| • | Slavic ancestors of Montenegrins came from the north | 6th/7th century | ||||
| • | Duklja was vassal of Byzantine empire in | 8th century | ||||
| • | Semi-independent dukedom of Duklja (Doclea) | 9th century | ||||
| • | Independence gained at Battle of Bar | 1042 | ||||
| • | Kingdom of Zetarecognition | 1077 | ||||
| • | Independent dukedom established | 1356 | ||||
| • | Independent dukedom reestablished | 1441 | ||||
| • | Independent statefounded, ruled by Prince-Bishops ofCetinje and clan chieftains. | 1516 | ||||
| • | State advances to rank of Principality | 1 January 1852 | ||||
| • | Recognition by theOttoman Empire | 3 March 1878 | ||||
| • | Kingdom proclaimed | 28 August 1910 | ||||
| • | Annexed into theKingdom of Yugoslavia | 1 December 1918 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | Total | 13,812 km2(161st) 5,332 sq mi | ||||
| • | Water (%) | 1.5 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 2011 census | 676,872 | ||||
| • | Density | 45/km2 (121st) 116/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2016 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $10.436 billion[4] | ||||
| • | Per capita | $16,654[4] (74th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2016 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $4.250 billion[4] | ||||
| • | Per capita | $6,783 [4] (60th) | ||||
| Gini (2013) | 26.2[5] low · 9th | |||||
| HDI (2014) |  0.802[6]very high · 49th | |||||
| Currency | Euro (€)b (EUR) | |||||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
| • | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Calling code | +382 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | ME | |||||
| Internet TLD | .me | |||||
| a. | Constitution names Cetinje as the Old Royal Capital (prijestonica) of Montenegro. | |||||
| b. | Adopted unilaterally; Montenegro is not a formal member of the Eurozone. | |||||
Montenegro (
i/ˌmɒntᵻˈneɪɡroʊ/ mon-tən-ayg-roh or /ˌmɒntᵻˈniːɡroʊ/ mon-tən-eeg-roh or /ˌmɒntᵻˈnɛɡroʊ/ mon-tən-eg-roh; Montenegrin: Crna Gora / Црна Гора [t͡sr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra] (
listen), meaning "Black Mountain") is asovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, and Albania to the south-east. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica, meaning the former Royal Capital City.[7]
i/ˌmɒntᵻˈneɪɡroʊ/ mon-tən-ayg-roh or /ˌmɒntᵻˈniːɡroʊ/ mon-tən-eeg-roh or /ˌmɒntᵻˈnɛɡroʊ/ mon-tən-eg-roh; Montenegrin: Crna Gora / Црна Гора [t͡sr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra] ( listen), meaning "Black Mountain") is asovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, and Albania to the south-east. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica, meaning the former Royal Capital City.[7]
In the 9th century, there were three principalities on the territory of Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half, Travunia, the west, and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. Duklja reached its zenith under Vojislav's son, Mihailo (1046–81), and his grandson Bodin (1081–1101).[8] By the 13th century,Zeta had replaced Duklja when referring to the realm. In the late 14th century, southern Montenegro (Zeta) came under the rule of the Balšić noble family, then the Crnojević noble family, and by the 15th century, Zeta was more often referred to as Crna Gora (Venetian: monte negro). Large portions fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire from 1496 to 1878 (Between 1454 (For Niksic) and 1878 for Old Herzegovina). Parts were controlled by Venice and First French Empire and Austria-Hungary, its successors. From 1515 until 1851 the prince-bishops (vladikas) of Cetinje were the rulers. The House of Petrović-Njegoš ruled until 1918. From 1918, it was a part of Yugoslavia. On the basis of an independence referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June of that year.
Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle-income country, Montenegro is a member of the UN, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, theCentral European Free Trade Agreement and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean. Montenegro is also a candidate negotiating to join the European Union[9] and NATO.[10] On 2 December 2015 Montenegro received an official invitation to join NATO, whereby it would be the 29th member country. This invitation was meant to start final accession talks.[11]
Contents
[hide]- 1Etymology
- 2History
- 3Geography and environment
- 4Politics
- 5Economy
- 6Demographics
- 7Education
- 8Culture
- 9Cuisine
- 10Media
- 11In popular culture
- 12Sport
- 13Public holidays
- 14See also
- 15References
- 16Further reading
- 17External links
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