Denmark
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This article is about the European country. For other uses, see Denmark (disambiguation).
Kingdom of Denmark
Kongeriget Danmark (Danish)
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Anthem: Der er et yndigt land There is a lovely country Kong Christian stod ved højen mast[N 1] King Christian stood by the lofty mast | ||||||
Location of Denmark[N 2] (dark green), in Europe (dark grey) and in the European Union (light green)
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Location of the Kingdom of Denmark: Greenland, theFaroe Islands (circled), and Denmark.
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Capital and largest city | Copenhagen 55°43′N 12°34′E | |||||
Official languages | Danish | |||||
Recognised regional languages | ||||||
Religion | Church of Denmark | |||||
Demonym | ||||||
Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | |||||
• | Monarch | Margrethe II | ||||
• | Prime Minister | Lars Løkke Rasmussen | ||||
Legislature | Folketing | |||||
History | ||||||
• | Consolidation | c. 10th century[2] | ||||
• | Constitutional Act | 5 June 1849 | ||||
• | Danish Realm | 24 March 1948[N 4] | ||||
Area | ||||||
• | Denmark[N 2] | 42,925.46 km2[3](133rd) (16,562.1) sq mi | ||||
• | Greenland | 2,166,086 km2(836,330 sq mi) | ||||
• | Faroe Islands | 1,399 km2(540.16 sq mi) | ||||
Population | ||||||
• | January 2016 estimate | 5,707,251[4] (113th) | ||||
• | Greenland | 56,114[5] | ||||
• | Faroe Islands | 49,079[6] | ||||
• | Density (Denmark) | 132.96/km2 344.4/sq mi | ||||
GDP (PPP) | 2015 estimate | |||||
• | Total | $257.148 billion[7][N 5](52nd) | ||||
• | Per capita | $45,435[7] (19th) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2015 estimate | |||||
• | Total | $291.043 billion[7][N 5](34th) | ||||
• | Per capita | $51,424[7] (6th) | ||||
Gini (2014) | 27.5[8] low | |||||
HDI (2014) | 0.923[9] very high · 4th | |||||
Currency | Danish krone[N 6](DKK) | |||||
Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
• | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
Drives on the | right | |||||
Calling code | +45[N 7] | |||||
ISO 3166 code | DK | |||||
Internet TLD | .dk[N 8] |
Denmark (i/ˈdɛnmɑːrk/; Danish: Danmark [ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a Monarchist Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark[N 9] is a sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper[N 2] and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has an area of 42,924 square kilometres (16,573 sq mi),[3] and a population of 5.7 million.[4] The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands,[10] of which around 70 are inhabited. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.
The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea. Denmark, Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814. The deterioration of the Kingdom of Norway, caused by the Black Death, made it possible for Denmark to inherit an expansive colonial empire from this union—of which the Faroe Islands and Greenland are remnants. Beginning in the 17th century, there were several cessions of territory; these culminated in the 1830s with a surge of nationalist movements, which were defeated in the 1864 Second Schleswig War. Denmark remained neutral during World War I. In April 1940, aGerman invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945. An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy.
The Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy—the current monarch is Queen Margrethe II—organised as aparliamentary democracy. The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nation's capital, largest city and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm,devolving powers to handle internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of theEuropean Economic Community (now the EU) in 1973, maintaining certain opt-outs; it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the founding members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE, and the United Nations; it is also part of the Schengen Area.
Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including education, health care, protection of civil liberties, democratic governance, prosperity and human development.[11][12][13] The country ranks as having the world's highest social mobility,[14] a high level of income equality,[15] is the least corrupt country in the world, has one of the world's highest per capita incomes, and one of the world's highest personal income tax rates.[16] A large majority of Danes are members of the Lutheran State Church, though the Constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
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