Bulgaria
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This article is about the country. For other uses, see Bulgaria (disambiguation).
| Republic of Bulgaria
Република България
Republika Bǎlgariya (Bulgarian) | ||||||
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Motto:
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| Anthem: Мила Родино (Bulgarian) Mila Rodino (transliteration) Dear Motherland | ||||||
![Location of Bulgaria (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) – [Legend]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EU-Bulgaria.svg)
Location of Bulgaria (dark green)
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| Capital and largest city | Sofia 42°41′N 23°19′E | |||||
| Official languages | Bulgarian | |||||
| Official script | Cyrillic | |||||
| Ethnic groups (2011[1]) |
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| Demonym | Bulgarian | |||||
| Government | Unitaryparliamentaryrepublic | |||||
| • | President | Rosen Plevneliev | ||||
| • | Prime Minister | Boyko Borisov | ||||
| • | Speaker of the National Assembly | Tsetska Tsacheva | ||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | |||||
| Formation | ||||||
| • | Medieval states: | |||||
| • | First Bulgarian Empire | 680-1018 | ||||
| • | Second Bulgarian Empire | 1185-1422 | ||||
| • | Modern state: | |||||
| • | Principality of Bulgaria | 3 March 1878[note 1] | ||||
| • | Declaration of Independence from theOttoman Empire | 5 October 1908[note 2] | ||||
| • | Current constitution | 13 July 1991 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | Total | 110,994 km2(105th) 42,823 sq mi | ||||
| • | Water (%) | 0.3 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 2014 census | 7,202,198[2](101th) | ||||
| • | Density | 66.2/km2 (95th) 171/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2016 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $141.375 billion[3](66th) | ||||
| • | Per capita | $19,839 (67th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2016 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $48.957 billion[3](75th) | ||||
| • | Per capita | $6,927 (76th) | ||||
| Gini (2014) |  35.4[4]medium | |||||
| HDI (2014) |  0.782[5]high · 59th | |||||
| Currency | Lev (BGN) | |||||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | |||||
| • | Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Calling code | +359 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | BG | |||||
| Internet TLD | .bg | |||||
Bulgaria (
i/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/, /bʊlˈ-/; Bulgarian: България, tr. Bǎlgariya, IPA: [bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Република България, tr. Republika Bǎlgariya), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's16th-largest country.
i/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/, /bʊlˈ-/; Bulgarian: България, tr. Bǎlgariya, IPA: [bɐɫˈɡarijɐ]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Република България, tr. Republika Bǎlgariya), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's16th-largest country.
Organised prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history saw the presence of the Thracians, Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian state dates back to the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 AD, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavs during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 led to the formation of the Third Bulgarian State. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both world wars. In 1946 it became a one-party socialist state as part of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. In December 1989 the ruling Communist Party allowedmulti-party elections, which subsequently led to Bulgaria's transition into a democracy and a market-based economy.
Bulgaria's population of 7.4 million people is predominantly urbanised and mainly concentrated in the administrative centres of its 28 provinces. Most commercial and cultural activities are centred on the capital and largest city, Sofia. The strongest sectors of the economy are heavy industry, power engineering, and agriculture, all of which rely on local natural resources.
The country's current political structure dates to the adoption of a democratic constitution in 1991. Bulgaria is a unitary parliamentary republic with a high degree of political, administrative, and economic centralisation. It is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the Council of Europe; a founding state of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE); and has taken a seat at the UN Security Council three times.
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