Brunei
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| Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace | ||||||
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Motto:
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Anthem:
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![Location of Brunei (green)in ASEAN (dark grey) – [Legend]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Location_Brunei_ASEAN.svg) | ||||||
| Capital and largest city | Bandar Seri Begawan 4°53.417′N 114°56.533′E | |||||
| Official languages | Malay[a] | |||||
| Recognised | English[b] | |||||
| Other languages and local dialects[1][2] |
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| Ethnic groups(2004[3]) |
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| Religion | Sunni Islam | |||||
| Demonym | Bruneian | |||||
| Government | Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy | |||||
| • | Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan | Hassanal Bolkiah | ||||
| • | Crown Prince | Al-Muhtadee Billah | ||||
| • | State Mufti | Abdul Aziz Juned | ||||
| Legislature | Legislative Council | |||||
| Formation | ||||||
| • | Sultanate | c.1368 | ||||
| • | Empire | 15th – 19th century | ||||
| • | Castilian War | 16 April 1578 - 26 June 1578 | ||||
| • | British protectorate | 1888 | ||||
| • | Japanese occupation of British Borneo | 16 December 1941 - 10 September 1945 | ||||
| • | 1959 Constitution | 29 September 1959 | ||||
| • | Independence from the United Kingdom | 1 January 1984 | ||||
| • | National Day | 23 February 1984 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | Total | 5,765 km2 (172nd) 2,226 sq mi | ||||
| • | Water (%) | 8.6 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | Jul 2013[4] estimate | 415,717[4] (175th) | ||||
| • | Density | 67.3/km2 (134th) 174.4/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2015 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $25.245 billion[5] (116th) | ||||
| • | Per capita | $54,537[5] (10th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2015 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $17.060 billion[5] (111th) | ||||
| • | Per capita | $36,855[5] (22nd) | ||||
| HDI (2014) |  0.856[6]very high · 31st | |||||
| Currency | Brunei dollar (BND) | |||||
| Time zone | Brunei Darussalam Time(UTC+8) | |||||
| Drives on the | left | |||||
| Calling code | +673[c] | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | BN | |||||
| Internet TLD | .bn[7] | |||||
| a. | ^ Under Article 82: "Official language" of the Constitution of Brunei, Malay is the official language. | |||||
| b. | ^ Under Article 82: "Official language" of the Constitution of Brunei, English is used in official documents (official documents are bilingual; Malay and English).[8] | |||||
| c. | ^ Also 080 from East Malaysia. | |||||
Brunei (
i/bruːˈnaɪ/, broo-nye), officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace[9] (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island ofBorneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 408,786 in July 2012.[10]
i/bruːˈnaɪ/, broo-nye), officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace[9] (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: نڬارا بروني دارالسلام), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island ofBorneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 408,786 in July 2012.[10]
At the peak of the Bruneian Empire, Sultan Bolkiah (reigned 1485–1528) is alleged to have had control over most regions of Borneo, including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Sulu archipelago off the northeast tip of Borneo, Seludong (modern-day Manila), and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The maritime state was visited by Spain's Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in the 1578Castille War.
During the 19th century, the Bruneian Empire began to decline. The Sultanate ceded Sarawak (Kuching) to James Brooke and installed him as the White Rajah, and it ceded Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate and was assigned a British resident as colonial manager in 1906. After the Japanese occupation during World War II, in 1959 a new constitution was written. In 1962, a small armed rebellion against the monarchy was ended with the help of the British.[11]
Brunei gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1990s and 2000s, with the GDP increasing 56% from 1999 to 2008, transformed Brunei into an industrialised country. It has developed wealth from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields. Brunei has the second-highest Human Development Index among the Southeast Asia nations, after Singapore, and is classified as a "developed country".[12] According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brunei is ranked fifth in the world by gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. The IMF estimated, in 2011, that Brunei was one of two countries (the other being Libya) with a public debt at 0% of the national GDP. Forbes also ranks Brunei as the fifth-richest nation out of 182, based on its petroleum and natural gas fields.[13]
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