Tajikistan
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"Tadzhikistan" redirects here. For the Soviet republic, see Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.
| Republic of Tajikistan | ||||||
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| Anthem: Суруди Миллии Тоҷикистон Surudi Milli Our beloved country | ||||||
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Location of Tajikistan (green)
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| Capital and largest city | Dushanbe 38°33′N 68°48′E | |||||
| Official languages | Tajik (Persian) | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Russian[1] | |||||
| Ethnic groups(2010) | [2] | |||||
| Demonym | Tajikistani[3] | |||||
| Government | Dominant-partypresidential republic | |||||
| • | President | Emomali Rahmon | ||||
| • | Prime Minister | Kokhir Rasulzoda | ||||
| Legislature | Supreme Assembly | |||||
| • | Upper house | National Assembly | ||||
| • | Lower house | Assembly of Representatives | ||||
| Independence from the Soviet Union | ||||||
| • | Declared | 9 September 1991 | ||||
| • | Completed | 25 December 1991 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| • | Total | 143,100 km2 (98th) 55,251 sq mi | ||||
| • | Water (%) | 1.8 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| • | 2015 estimate | 8,610,000[4] (98th) | ||||
| • | 2010 census | 7 564 500 | ||||
| • | Density | 48.6/km2 (155th) 125.8/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $17.555 billion[5](128th) | ||||
| • | Per capita | $2,247[5] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2015 estimate | |||||
| • | Total | $8.572 billion[5] (136th) | ||||
| • | Per capita | $949[5] | ||||
| Gini (2009) | 30.8 medium | |||||
| HDI (2014) |  0.624[6]medium · 129th | |||||
| Currency | Somoni (TJS) | |||||
| Time zone | TJT (UTC+5) | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Calling code | +992 | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | TJ | |||||
| Internet TLD | .tj | |||||
Tajikistan (
i/tɑːˈdʒiːkɨstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian:Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous landlocked sovereign country in Central Asia. With an estimated 8 million people in 2013, it is the 98th most populous country and with an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi), it is the 96th largest country in the world. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
i/tɑːˈdʒiːkɨstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian:Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous landlocked sovereign country in Central Asia. With an estimated 8 million people in 2013, it is the 98th most populous country and with an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi), it is the 96th largest country in the world. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm[7] of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including theAchaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
Tajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Most of Tajikistan's 8 million people belong to the Tajik ethnic group, who speak Tajik (Persian), although many people also speak Russian. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It has a transition economy that is dependent on aluminium and cotton production. Its economy is the 126th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 136th largest in terms of nominal GDP.[citation needed]